Sickle Cell Anemia Essay -- essays research papers

The reaping hook kiosk disease is an inherited consanguinitydisorder that affects personnel casualty filiation cadres. People withsickle cellphone have scarlet stemma cells that have mostlyhemoglobins, Sometimes these red blood cells lead falcate or crescent shaped andhave trouble going with small blood vessels.When sickle-shaped cells block small bloodvessels, slight blood can take out to that part of thebody. Tissue that does not get a regulation bloodflow eventually be induces damaged.This is whatcauses the problems of sickle cell disease.As tothis day there is really no cure for sickle celldisease.Red blood cells take oxygen from the airwe breathe into our lungs to all part of the body.Oxygen is carried in red blood cells by a total called hemoglobin(Hemoglobin is themain substance of the red blood cell. It helps redblood cells conduct oxygen from the air in our lungsto all parts of the body). median(prenominal) red blood cellscontain hemoglobin A. Hemoglobin S andhemoglobin C are abnormal types ofhemoglobin.Oxygen is carried in red blood cellsby a substance called hemoglobin.The mainhemoglobin in normal red blood cells ishemoglobin A. Normal red blood cells are softand fill in and can squeeze finished tiny bloodtubes (vessels). Normally, red blood cells live forabout 120 days before new ones set backthem.People with sickle cell conditions make adifferent form of hemoglobin A called hemoglobinS (S stands for sickle). Red blood cells containingmostly hemoglobin S do not live as long as normalred blood cells (normally about 16 days). Theyalso become stiff, distorted in shape and havedifficulty passing through the bodys small bloodvessels. When sickle-shaped cells block smallblood vessels, less(prenominal) blood can get to that part ofthe body. Tissue that does not possess a normalblood flow eventually becomes damaged. This iswhat causes the complications of sickle celldisease. There are several types of sickle celldisease. The most fre quent are Sickle CellAnemia (SS), Sickle-Hemoglobin C Disease(SC)Sickle Beta-Plus thalassemia and SickleBeta-Zero Thalassemia. Sickle Cell trait (AS) isan inherited condition in which both hemoglobin Aand S are made in the red blood cells, there arealways more A than S. Sickle cell trait is not atype of sickle cell disease. People with sickle celltrait are mostly healthy. Sickle cell conditionsare inherited from parents in much the akin wayas... ... will have anegative charge infra normal body conditions andthus likes to be surrounded by urine molecules.Valine, on the other hand, is a neutral, oruncharged, amino acid. Under normal conditions itbehaves like a hydrophobic, organic molecule andwants to hide from water. This difference makesthe globin chains of hemoglobin fold differently,especially in the absence of oxygen. Normalhemoglobin just gives up its oxygen when it gets tothe tissue that needs it, only when it retains its shape.Sickle hemoglobin, on the other hand, loses itsoxygen, and becomes relatively insoluble. In thedeoxygenated form, it forms into long arrays thatcome out the shape of the red cell and producethe characteristic sickling that characterizes thedisease. The insolubility of deoxygenated(reduced) sickle hemoglobin is the basis of tworapid diagnostic research laboratory tests for sickle cellanemia. Scientists recently have had some limited triumph in using genetic engineering techniques toget good copies of the important globin gene intopeople with sickle cell anemia. If they can practisein this endeavor, people with the disease may becured save will still be able to pass the genes ontotheir offspring.