Tourism In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia

Tourism In The commonwealth Of Saudi-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian ArabiaSaudi Arabia is know to the orb as the center of Islam and one of the very few countries in the human being to consecrate maintained Islamic legality the shariah law. concord to the U.S incision of state (2010) Saudi Arabia remained as an absolute monarchy until 1992, at which time the Saud majestic family introduced the estates first constitution based on the sharia. With an argona of about 865,000 squ be toes miles, Saudi Arabia is roughly one-third the size of the continental United States, and the ego alike(prenominal) size as all of Western Europe.Saudi Arabias oil neighbourhood and main source of wealth lies along the Persian gulf. This oil-derived wealth al minored the country to provide free health care and education while non collecting any taxes from its people. At the time of World War II Saudi Arabia had one-third of all cognise oil reserves, but dropping de pieced and rising prod uction outside the brass of Petroleum exportation Countries (OPEC) endangered the country with domestic unrest and under(a)mining its influence in the disjuncture area. However, they swiftly recovered with a blossoming frugal system.Standard of living is metric by ranks, such as real income per person and poverty ranks. Measures such as coming and quality of health care, income developing in personifyity and educational standards are in like manner used. The best statistic for measuring standard of living is the same one the UN uses to measure the level of education of a nation. The piece development index (HDI) which is used as an alternative to measuring GDP in order to determine the countrys well-being. The HDI provides a measure of the average three aspects of tender-hearted development, living a long and healthy life, education and having a adequate standard of living. According to the latest U.N military personnel development subject field (2007) Saudi Arabias H DI value is .843. This de nones that Saudi Arabia ranks high on the human development index. otherwise aspects taken into consideration when measuring the kingdoms HDI are life expectancy lays, under 5 mortality rates, and literacy rate. According to the latest U.N human development report (2007) Saudi Arabias life expectancy rate is 72.7 long time old. The under 5 mortality rate in Saudi Arabia is 21.27 deaths per 1,000 according to the World pious platitude (2008). In terms of literacy rate only 85% of Saudi Arabians are literate. The Saudi regime is working on improving the literacy rate in Saudi Arabia. According to the latest U.N human development report (2009) Saudi Arabias GDP rank minus HDI rank is at -19 a disconfirming number indicates that the HDI rank is pass up than the GDP per capita (PPP US$) and that poverty is starting time in that country.Gender inequality occurs on a daily bases in Saudi Arabia. According to Abdella (2010) the kingdom allows men to twice the inheritance that women are allowed. Women are required to have a guardian escort them for legion(predicate) of lifes daily tasks. Without the presence of a guardian, a woman cannot study, access health services, marry, change of location abroad, have a business or even access an ambulance in an emergency. Saudi women do not have the right to drive. It is illegitimate for a woman to be in the company of a man who is not in her immediate family. Young women are still not allowed to study certain subjects, such as geology however it is indicated that women can travel abroad alone for studies .On the subject of polygamy, men are permitted by law to have up to four wives. Women do not have equal access to the courts or an equal opportunity to obtain justice. Abdella (2010) acknowledged that the government ought to evaluate laws and policies and revise basic Laws in order to ensure sex activity equality and exclude the discrimination of women.In Saudi Arabia commonwealth product is outpacing the economic growth and availability of services and infrastructure in the country. The CIA world fact bind (2010) proved that by contrast to the U.S, Saudi Arabia experiences a high population growth rate of 1.85%. Saudi Arabias growth rate is lower than average developing countries, which is typically around 2.5% but higher(prenominal) than the U.S 1% population growth rate. Due to its population Growth Issues Saudi Arabia is facing difficulties in providing jobs, water, food and energy to its indigenous young population and there is a widening gap between the ability of the economy to create jobs and the population growth rate.A major difference between economic growth and human development is that economic growth focuses on the enlargement of income, while Human development focuses on enlarging all human options. According to United Nations human Development Program (2010) education, health, clean purlieu and material well being do not necessarily regard on income . Thus, the options available for improving peoples lives are inclined to the quality of economic growth in its wider sense, and the impact is by no means confined to quantitative aspects of such growth. The end goal of investment in human capital, in terms of health, education, nutrition and training, is to boost production and generate special income.Investments in physical infrastructure are a crucial ascribe of Saudi Arabias new economic development drive. According to Hayward (2009) the kingdom seeks to strangle its reliance on the oil industry. Saudi Arabia announced a extensive economic stimulus bud arse around for 2009, allocating more money for education and an augment in public travel bying by 15.8 per cent. The Saudi judicature plans to spend a tremendous amount of money on infrastructure projects in the next five years as the kingdom seeks to benefit from lower construction costs amid the globose financial crunch.The construction division lead be motivated by the launch of six economic cities to be completed by 2020. According to Hayward (2009) these six new industrialized cities leave diversify Saudi Arabias economy and are expected to amplify GDP. Projects currently underway in the Kingdom include two huge line initiatives, which will boost trade and tourism networks. Work continues to expand in Saudi Arabias port network as the country contests with other Gulf States to offer a gateway to Middle East markets. With the expanding population growth way outs the pressure is being put forth on the countrys utilities.The Saudi countrified sector is the second largest industry in the Kingdom. Saudi Arabia has achieved immense pastoral development, conquering the difficulties of scarce rain, meager subterranean water, limited local manpower and widely dispersed cultivatable lands. According to the CIA world fact book (2010) many individuals migrate to Saudi Arabia for employment. In 2009 only 6.75% of the population was industrious in agriculture and 21.40% employed in the services. Agriculture has grown at an average annual rate of 8.7 percent since 1970 and accounts for more than 9.4 percent of Saudi Arabias GDP.According to The Saudi network (2010) in order to maintain agriculture, the Saudi regimen has built more than 200 dams to preserve rainwater, with storage capability of 689 million cubic meters. In order to finance this development, the Saudi coarse Bank was established in 1964. It is a specialized agricultural bank building it extends long-term, post-free loans to farmers and agricultural companies. According to The Saudi network (2010) the Saudi Government has also supplied seeds and saplings at nominal prices. It has afforded veterinary and agricultural guidance and plant security system services. Other measures include the purchase of strategic agricultural crops, such as wheat and barley at high prices, through the General Organization for Grain Silos and Flour Mills. macrocosm discussion abo ut environmental issues has change magnitude significantly throughout Saudi Arabia, Following a series of floods in the Kingdom. According to the Saudi network (2010) the most important environmental issue facing Jeddah is sewage. The estimates on the area of the city that is currently connected to the privy pipes vary from 8-14%, with around 80% of mansion houses using septic tanks. In modern years, the waste from the citys septic tanks has been discarded in the Briman Sewage Lake, better known as Musk Lake centre. However, environmental and health anxiety following last years floods, coupled with a royal decree ordering the emptying of the lake, have prompted city officials to find alternate solutions. The use of percolating pits septic tanks without a concrete bottom that allow sewage to drain into the ground led to dishonor and underground water contamination as well as a rise in the water table. The lack of a proper cloaca system has created an ecological calamity. Globa l warming has also affected Saudi Arabia more than any other country tardily. The temperature in Saudi Arabia has neer allowed it to snow in Saudi Arabia. However, due to global warming it recently snowed in Saudi Arabia. Due to political conflict resulting from the wiki leaks incident the Saudi government is hesitant towards implementing environmental policies.No country in the world will be spared from the effects of the financial crisis and resulting in a global recession. According to Bourland (2008) For Saudi Arabia, it has completely shifted the focus of economic policy from despotic inflation to restoring confidence in the financial sector. We see the following tell apart implications for the Saudi economy. Oil prices will be significantly lower than antecedently anticipated and reduced production will exacerbate the impact on oil revenues. Finance for local and foreign companies doing business in the Kingdom will be slight easily available and more expensive. According to Bourland (2008) economic growth will slow as problems accessing suitably priced pay and lower oil revenues delay project implementation and impair confidence. visit oil revenues will mean the end to the huge budget and current account surpluses of recent years. Sharply lower commodity prices and a modify of the riyal will cause inflation to fall back speedily over the next 12 months.Due to rot in Saudi Arabia, the Public choice theory would help improve Saudi Arabia. The Public choice theory is most effective when government agents are self interested and will not do things in the public interest and in situations where the government is corrupt. Public choice theory come ons minimized Government and maximized market in development strategies. Government policies in Saudi Arabia encourage gender, social, and educational inequality.Corruption is perceived as significant. According to the index of economic freedom (2010) Saudi Arabia ranks 80th out of 179 countries in transpa rency. Inter nationals Corruption Perceptions might for 2008. The absence of transparency in government accounts and decision-making encourages a perception of corruption on the part of some members of the royal family and in the executive branch. Government procurement is an area of concern. Bribes, often disguised as commissions, are allegedly commonplace. Corruption is currently preventing Saudi Arabia from reaching its full economic potential. The less fortunate population of Saudi Arabia relies on paying off officials to get things done. Those without money are always left behind. Even wealthy citizens are affected by corruption due to the fact that they are inefficient to invest and expand their wealth.Crime rates are very low in Saudi Arabia due to their extreme punishments set by sharia laws. Consequently, crime does not have a significant impact on Saudi Arabias economic development. The main problem pertaining to crime in Saudi Arabia is its transnational trafficking Iss ues. According to the result of the one-eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal arbiter Systems (2002) Saudi Arabia has become a destination country for workers from South and Southeast Asia who are allegedly subjected to unbidden servitude physical and sexual abuse, non-payment of wages, confinement, and withholding of passports as a restriction on their movement. Domestic workers are predominantly vulnerable because they are restricted to the house in which they work, without being able to seek help. According to the result of the Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2002) Saudi Arabia is also a destination country for Nigerian, Yemeni, Pakistani, Afghan, Somali, Malian, and Sudanese children trafficked for laboured begging and involuntary servitude as street vendors some Nigerian women were reportedly trafficked into Saudi Arabia for commercial sexual exploitationSaudi Arabia is an abso lute monarchy. The national government consists of a Council of Ministers, headed by the King, who holds the post of the Prime Minister. Its absolute monocracy regime has helped increase corruption within Saudi Arabia. The kingdom would be a very poor country without its oil revenues. There is a definite need for economic diversification for economic diversification is Saudi Arabia. Inequality and corruption are also major economic setbacks for Saudi Arabia. Gender inequality and human right violations occur on a daily bases in Saudi Arabia. Unfortunately, the government uses whatever interpretation of the account book that is convenient for them in order to justify their greed and human decently Violations.