ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF GLOBALIZATION ON TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY Essay

speckle discussing the topics of trade, development and political economy, globalisation is often discussed. In general, globalisation manner a do in which cosmea economies run highly integrated, star to a global economy and highly global economic policymaking, through and through inter internal agencies much(prenominal) as the World Trade Organization (Todaro & Smith, 2006). Since late 1980s, the increasing globalization in the manufacturing sector and serve sector has besides globalized the telecommunication industry. A large number of telecom companies argon expanding promptly from their home countries to early(a) countries in order to increase their customer nucleotide and their sales, off course. globalization has with it many ch eachenges and economic benefits too. For many economists, globalization mint cause serious troubles in the whole world, such as contrast is accentuated, environmental degradation, and dominance of rich countries etc. But at the aforeme nti unrivalledd(prenominal) time proponents of globalization atomic number 18 of the view that globalization leads to the fast issue of kat onceledge and innovation and meliorate living standards.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF globalisationHow globalization occurred or which forces gave birth to this phenomenon? The three chief economic and fiscal indicators that led to globalization areThe international trade of goods and services, the widening and sacking of trade has led to globalization to increase at a rapid pace. The greater f commencement of capital because of growth of global capital markets. Globalization of financial sector is the most influential aspect of economic globalization. The greater movement of people around the globe has overly contributed to rapidly exploitation globalization, breaking down cultural barriers. Globalization think ups integration of antithetic markets in the global economy.Globalization may occur in diverse markets such as financial markets, co mmodity markets and even in the service sector (Scholte, 2000). Producers and consumers and national economies as a whole benefit from the process of globalization. For example, economies may benefit from specializing themselves in articulationicular products in which they stupefy relative advantage. Firms may become cost competitive through globalization by narking to cheap raw materials from other countries. Similarly, benefit of economies of scale is achieved through access to large markets and higher demand for products, thus reducing average intersection cost of the firm. boastfully internationals are the main carriers of economic globalization. They are globally aligning their deed and resources according to the principle of profit maximization.GLOBALIZATION OF telecommunication INDUSTRY- CASE OF VODAFONE Initially telecommunication industry was owned and controlled by state-owned national telecommunication companies. But with the passage of time, innovation in technol ogy and globalization has transformed the nature of telecommunication industry. Globalization has opened up markets and brought opposition in this sector. National telecommunication companies were being privatized and the industry deregulated to make it competitive. every(prenominal) over the world, the multinational companies have become the main vehicle for accelerating globalization. Vodafone, a British multinational telecommunication company, is the worlds leading telecommunication having significant existence in atomic number 63, fall in States, Middle East, Asia Pacific and Africa.It is one of the most rapidly flourishing global companies, which started as a holder of one of the first two mobile communications licenses in the UK and now its a dominant global brand. (Ibbott, 2007) provides a view that Vodafone created a social profit that was involved in mergers and acquisitions anddeployment of a global network of mobile technology that serves a proportionate mobile custo mer insensible of 198.6 million in 2006. Ibbott (2007) explained what really globalization means as A global company is one that permits its local trading operations to act in the image of the market locally and yet can act in a truly homogeneous way with respect to the deliver and preparation of its core products and services Vodafone is a global company as its sourcing and supply chain activities are transferred to be entirely global for the major part of its investment, while services remain local (Ibbott, 2007). Globalization does not mean to open operations and branches in other countries but to make its operations global, not directed by the head office located in the parent country.CONSEQUENCES OF GLOBALIZATION ON TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY- CASE OF VODAFONE Globalization has become a vital aspect of the global economy and strongly influences the relative advantage of economies. (Salvatore, 2004) examined the effect of globalization on the comparative advantage of Europe for several goods and concluded that Europe has a comparative disadvantage in telecommunication with respect to Japan, United States and Dynamic Asian countries. The degree of globalization is a significant element in examining the international competitiveness of economies.Large multinational corporations are enjoying the benefits of globalization, the most. Almost 50 percentage of total submit of Vodafone came from foreign sales, i.e. Asia Pacific and Middle East region. The CEO of UK-based Vodafone Group talking about global leadership said (Yunker, 2008), Less than 5 percent of our profits comes from UK. We have had to fundamentally redesign this company as a global company. We are a highly consumer-centric company. In Germany, we feel German. In Italy, we feel Italian. In Spain, we feel Spanish. In India, we feel Indians.Vodafone has experienced fall-out in Japan in 2005. It released Converged-Handset mobile phones in December 2005 in 13 countries concurrently, including Jap an. Being, one of the worlds largest global companies, it did so without taking into rate the domestic environment of each country. In this way they incurred great termination in both, number ofsubscribers and profits. The company lost 200,000 subscribers in the first few months of the year and profits declined by 15.4 percent (Fackler & Belson, 2005). Customers also got many troubles same lack of functions, the expensive bills and bad signals. Thus it failed to introduce same technologies in different countries. In order to regain its position in the market, they offered such services which are being provided by their competitors such as low prices, flat monthly bills for calls and emails. Hence market competition forced Vodafone to win in the market by competing with the same products at same rate as its competitors are offering.Due to globalization, consumer became more aware of their decisions. They take their decisions by taking into account their ethical and environmental concerns. This new dimension poses push on industries to improve their business through new public initiatives and laws. Likewise, increase global competition put serious pressure on Vodafone to treasure its CSR policy and ethical stance.When globalization reached its pace and mergers and acquisitions among firms take place, multinational companies get authority to hire and fire their workers (Carlson, 2002). This was happened in Motorola, when they fired their 3000 workers on 2000 by shutting down their plant in Scotland. Similarly, in 2009, Vodafone restructured its business model, in order to save costs and to accommodate more customers-facing roles. Around four hundred workers were made jobless from its headquarters or being deployed to some other places. Hence, it is being proven over the years that in large multinational organizations, large number of workers have been made jobless, thus, creating a sense of hazard among workers. Taking into account the fact that globalizat ion may also have adverse daze on workers The European Globalization Adjustment investment trust (EGF) has been established.The EGF aimed to support redundant workers, mainly in the areas where globalization has adversely change the workers. The European Globalization Adjustment Fund has been established under jurisprudence (EC) No 1927/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006. It has an annual cipher of EUR 500 million to assist worker for their employment.EVALUATION AND CONCLUSIONThe growing integration of the economies has been a heated debate all around the world over the last two decades. The consequences of globalization and its various dimensions have been astray debated and examined by academics, politicians, policymakers, and even the private sector. According to the United Nations Development Program, humans Development Report, 1999 Globalization is shaping a new era of fundamental interaction among economies and people. It is increasing the interaction between people across national boundaries, in economy, technology, in culture and in governance. But it is also splitting production processes, labor markets, political entities and societies. So, while globalization has positive and dynamic aspects, it has also negative, disruptive, marginalizing aspects. Critics of globalization argue that globalization is detrimental to economic growth, such as it increases income inequality among nations, economic instability may arise, workers are being victimised and governments become unable to raise taxes, on the other hand, the advocates of globalization are of the view that it brings higher rate of sustainable economic growth and improved living standards. In a study from the Centre of Economic polity Research by European Policy Advisors, while analyzing the economic impact of globalization, it was found that the true benefits of globalization overweigh the costs associated with it.Similarly globalization has been bear upon the telecommunication sector too. Due to increasing globalization, the telecommunication policy all around the world has widened their cross-border implications as compared to the past. According to the analysis of (Siochru, 2004), media and telecommunication sectors are the leading sectors in facilitating globalization. The globalization of financial transactions and manufacturing products is due to globalization of media and telecommunication sectors.REFERENCES1.Carlson, B. A., 2002. Job Losses, Multinational and Globalization The Anatomy of Disempowerment. Santiago United Nations Publications. 2.Fackler, M. & Belson, K., 2005. A Major Backfire in Japan Deflates Vodafones One-Size-Fits-All Strategy. Online open at